Eight different methods of pure water equipment processing technology

Pure water, generally using municipal tap water as a source, is purified through multiple filtration layers to remove harmful substances such as microorganisms. However, this process also removes essential minerals for the human body, such as fluoride, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

I. Ozone Sterilization and Ultrapure Water Treatment

The disinfection principle of ozone (O3) is that ozone is unstable in its molecular structure at normal temperature and pressure, quickly decomposing into oxygen (O2) and a single oxygen atom (O). The latter has strong activity and a strong oxidizing effect on bacteria, killing them. The excess oxygen atoms recombine into ordinary oxygen atoms (O2), leaving no toxic residue. Therefore, it is called a pollution-free disinfectant. It not only has a strong killing ability against various bacteria (including hepatitis viruses, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other miscellaneous bacteria), but it is also very effective in killing mold.

1. The sterilization mechanism and process of ozone belong to biochemical processes, oxidizing and decomposing the glucose oxidase necessary for bacteria to oxidize glucose.

2. It directly interacts with bacteria and viruses, destroying their organelles and ribonucleic acid, decomposing macromolecular polymers such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, thus disrupting the bacteria's metabolic production and reproduction processes.

3. It penetrates the cell membrane tissue, invades the cell membrane, and acts on the outer membrane lipoprotein and the inner lipopolysaccharide, causing cell permeability distortion and leading to cell lysis and death. It also dissolves and denatures and kills the genetic genes, parasitic species, parasitic virus particles, bacteriophages, branchymycetes, and pyrogens (bacterial and viral metabolic products, endotoxins) in the dead bacteria.

II. Activated Carbon Adsorption Pure Water Treatment Process

Activated carbon mainly removes organic impurities such as discoloration, odor, residual chlorine, and residual disinfectants in water through adsorption and filtration.

III. Microporous Membrane Filtration ( MF) Pure Water Treatment Process

Microporous membrane filtration includes three forms: depth filtration, screen filtration, and surface filtration.

Depth filtration uses a matrix made of woven fibers or compressed materials to retain particles through inert adsorption or capture, such as the commonly used multi-media filtration or sand filtration. Depth filtration is a relatively economical method that can remove more than 98% of suspended solids, protecting downstream purification units from clogging, so it is usually used as pretreatment.

Surface filtration has a multi-layer structure. When the solution passes through the filter membrane, particles larger than the pores inside the filter membrane are retained and mainly accumulate on the surface of the filter membrane, such as the commonly used PP fiber filtration. Surface filtration can remove more than 99.9% of suspended solids, so it can also be used for pretreatment or clarification.

Screen filter membranes have a basically consistent structure, like a sieve, retaining particles larger than the pore size on the surface (the pore size of this membrane is very precise), such as the point-of-use security filters used in ultrapure water machines at the end. Screen filtration microporous filtration is generally placed at the end-use point in the purification system to remove residual trace resin chips, carbon chips, colloids, and microorganisms.

IV. Ion Exchange Pure Water Treatment Process

The principle of ion exchange is to exchange inorganic salt anions and cations in water, such as calcium ions Ca2+, magnesium ions Mg2+, sulfate SO42-, nitrate NO3-, etc., with ion exchange resin, so that the anions and cations in the water exchange with the anions and cations in the resin, thus purifying the water.

V. Reverse Osmosis ( RO) Pure Water Treatment Process

It uses pressure as the driving force, utilizing the selectivity of the reverse osmosis membrane that only allows water to pass through but not solutes, to extract pure water from water containing various inorganic substances, organic substances, and microorganisms. The pore size of the reverse osmosis membrane is less than 10 angstroms (1 angstrom equals 10-10 meters), with a strong sieving effect, its desalination rate is as high as 99%, and the sterilization rate is greater than 99.5%. It can remove inorganic salts, sugars, amino acids, bacteria, viruses, and other impurities from water. If the raw water quality and product water quality are used as the basis, after appropriate design, RO is an economical and effective method for purifying tap water, and it is also a good pretreatment method for ultrapure water systems.

VI. Ultrafiltration ( UF) Pure Water Treatment Process

Microporous membranes remove particles based on their pore size, while ultrafiltration (UF) membranes act like a molecular sieve, using size as a basis to allow the solution to pass through extremely fine pores to separate molecules of different sizes in the solution.

Ultrafiltration membranes are strong, thin, and selectively permeable membranes, generally considered to have a pore size of about 0.01 μm, capable of retaining molecules of a certain size or larger, including colloids, microorganisms, and pyrogens. Smaller molecules, such as water and ions, can pass through the membrane.

VII. Ultraviolet (UV), Ozone Sterilization and Ultrapure Water Treatment Process

The 254nm/185nm ultraviolet light emitted by ultraviolet lamps can effectively kill bacteria and degrade organic matter.

VIII. EDI Pure Water Treatment Process

A new method for treating deionized water. Also known as continuous electrodialysis, the EDI device uses ion exchange resin sandwiched between anion/cation exchange membranes to form an EDI unit. This method does not require acid-base regeneration of the resin, making it environmentally friendly.