Summary of pure water treatment processes

      Pure water, typically sourced from municipal tap water, undergoes multi-stage filtration to remove harmful substances like microorganisms. However, this process also removes essential minerals such as fluoride, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

1. Ozone Sterilization and Ultrapure Water Treatment

Ozone ( O3) disinfection principle: Ozone is unstable at room temperature and pressure, quickly decomposing into oxygen ( O2 ) and a single oxygen atom ( O ); the latter is highly reactive and exhibits strong oxidizing effects on bacteria, killing them. Excess oxygen atoms recombine into ordinary oxygen atoms ( O2 ), leaving no toxic residue. Therefore, it's considered a pollution-free disinfectant. It effectively kills various bacteria (including hepatitis viruses, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other bacteria) and is also effective against mold.

① Ozone's sterilization mechanism and process are biochemical processes, oxidatively decomposing glucose oxidase, essential for bacterial glucose oxidation.

② Directly interacts with bacteria and viruses, damaging their organelles and ribonucleic acid, decomposing DNA 、 RNA , proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, disrupting bacterial metabolism, production, and reproduction.

③ Penetrates cell membranes, acting on outer membrane lipoproteins and internal lipopolysaccharides, causing cell permeability distortion and lysis. It also dissolves and denatures the genetic material, parasitic species, parasitic virus particles, bacteriophages, mycoplasmas, and pyrogens (bacterial and viral metabolic products, endotoxins) within dead bacteria.

2. Activated Carbon Adsorption for Pure Water Treatment

Activated carbon primarily removes discoloration, odor, residual chlorine, and other organic impurities from water through adsorption and filtration.

3. Microfiltration ( MF ) Pure Water Treatment Technology

Microfiltration includes three forms: depth filtration, screen filtration, and surface filtration.

Depth filtration uses a matrix made of woven fibers or compressed materials, utilizing inert adsorption or capture to retain particles, such as commonly used multi-media filtration or sand filtration; depth filtration is a relatively economical method, removing over 98% of suspended solids, protecting downstream purification units from clogging, and is usually used as pretreatment.

Surface filtration has a multi-layer structure. When a solution passes through the filter membrane, particles larger than the pores of the membrane are retained and mainly accumulate on the surface of the membrane, such as commonly used PP fiber filtration. Surface filtration can remove over 99.9% of suspended solids, so it can also be used for pretreatment or clarification.

Screen filter membranes have a basically uniform structure, like a sieve, retaining particles larger than the pore size on the surface (the pore size of this membrane is very precise), such as the point-of-use security filters used in ultrapure water machines; screen microfiltration is generally placed at the final point of use in the purification system to remove residual resin particles, carbon dust, colloids, and microorganisms.

4. Ion Exchange ( IX ) Pure Water Treatment Technology

Ion exchange removes inorganic salt ions such as calcium ions Ca2+, magnesium ions Mg2+ , sulfates SO42- , nitrates NO3- etc., by exchanging them with ions in the ion exchange resin, purifying the water.

5. Reverse Osmosis ( RO ) Pure Water Treatment Technology

It uses pressure as the driving force, utilizing a reverse osmosis membrane that only allows water to pass through, not solutes, to extract pure water from water containing various inorganic and organic substances and microorganisms. The pore size of the reverse osmosis membrane is less than 10 angstroms ( 1 angstrom equals 10 - 10 meter), with a strong sieving effect, its desalination rate is as high as 99 % and its sterilization rate is greater than 99.5% . It can remove inorganic salts, sugars, amino acids, bacteria, viruses, and other impurities from water. Based on the raw water quality and product water quality, after appropriate design, RO it is an economical and effective method for purifying tap water, and also a good pretreatment method for ultrapure water systems.

6. Ultrafiltration ( UF ) Pure Water Treatment Technology

Microporous membranes remove particles based on their pore size, while ultrafiltration (UF) membranes act like molecular sieves, using size as a basis to allow solutions to pass through extremely fine pores, separating molecules of different sizes in the solution.

Ultrafiltration membranes are strong, thin, and selectively permeable membranes, generally considered to have a pore size of approximately With a pore size of 0.01μm, it can retain molecules larger than a certain size, including colloids, microorganisms, and pyrogens. Smaller molecules, such as water and ions, can pass through the filter membrane.

7. Ultraviolet (UV) and ozone sterilization ultrapure water treatment process

Using ultraviolet light emitted by The 254nm/185nm ultraviolet light can effectively kill bacteria and degrade organic matter.

8.EDI Pure water treatment process

A new method for deionized water treatment. Also known as continuous electrodialysis technology, The EDI device uses ion exchange resin sandwiched between / anion and cation exchange membranes to form EDI unit. This method does not require acid-base regeneration of the resin, making it environmentally friendly.